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Researchers found short-term gains from AI use, but independent performance suffered afterward

• A new study found that AI assistance improved performance in the moment but reduced problem-solving ability once the tool was removed.

• Researchers observed the effect after just 10 to 15 minutes of AI-assisted work on math and reading tasks.

• The findings suggest that how people use AI may matter, with hints and clarification appearing less problematic than asking for direct answers.

Artificial intelligence has quickly become part of everyday life. People use AI tools to write emails, answer questions, brainstorm ideas, and even help with school or work assignments. While these tools can save time and make difficult tasks feel easier, new research suggests there may be a downside to relying on them too heavily.

Researchers from several universities, including Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Oxford, MIT, and UCLA, wanted to understand what happens when people use AI for reasoning-intensive tasks and then have to continue without it.

Their findings suggest that AI can boost performance in the short term, but that benefit may come at a cost when users are later asked to work independently.

The study

The study focused on two abilities that are important for learning and problem-solving: persistence, or the willingness to keep working through a challenge, and independent performance, meaning how well someone can complete a task without assistance.

The research involved more than 1,200 participants across a series of randomized experiments.

In one experiment, participants solved fraction-based math problems. Some completed the work on their own, while others were given access to an AI assistant for about 10 minutes before the assistance was unexpectedly removed.

The results

Not surprisingly, the AI-assisted group performed better while the tool was available. However, once the AI was taken away, their performance dropped noticeably.

Researchers found that participants who had relied on AI solved fewer problems correctly and were more likely to skip questions altogether than those who never had access to AI in the first place. Similar patterns appeared in reading-comprehension tasks.

The researchers also discovered an important distinction. Participants who used AI mainly to obtain direct answers experienced the largest declines. Those who used the tool more as a tutor asking for hints, explanations, or clarification did not show the same level of impairment.

What this means for consumers

The findings do not suggest that AI is inherently harmful or that people should avoid using it. Instead, the study highlights the importance of how these tools are used. According to the researchers, AI may be most beneficial when it supports learning rather than replaces the thinking process altogether.

For consumers, the takeaway may be simple: use AI as a guide rather than a substitute. Asking for explanations, examples, or feedback could help reinforce understanding, while relying on AI to provide complete solutions may make it harder to develop and maintain problem-solving skills over time.

The researchers note that their experiments measured short-term effects, not years of AI use. Still, because the changes appeared after only a brief interaction with AI, they say more research is needed to understand what frequent, long-term reliance on these tools could mean for learning, persistence, and independent thinking.

Before you pay for camp, try these budget-friendly ideas

• Skip the pricey camps: Parents spend nearly $900 per child on summer activities, but many of the best memories are made for free.

• Use local freebies: Libraries, outdoor movies, free concerts, and kids' workshops can keep children busy all summer long.

• Let kids be bored sometimes: Bike rides, sprinklers, scavenger hunts, and backyard camping often beat expensive entertainment.

Summer can get expensive really fast. Between costly camps, sports, amusement parks, and other organized activities, a recent survey found that parents spend nearly $900 per child during the summer months.

But before you spend hundreds of dollars trying to keep your kids entertained, experts say some of the best summer memories can be made for little or no money at all.

Here are some of the best free and low-cost summer activities families should consider.

Start with your local library

If there's one place parents shouldn't overlook this summer, it's the public library.

Many libraries offer free summer reading programs complete with prizes, special events, guest performers, science demonstrations, and other family-friendly activities.

A library card can also unlock benefits many families don't realize exist, including free streaming services, digital books, audiobooks, museum passes, and educational resources.

On a hot summer afternoon, it can be one of the cheapest forms of entertainment available.

Look for free community events

Many cities and towns offer free summer programming that often flies under the radar.

These can include:

• Outdoor movies in the park
• Free concerts
• Community festivals
• Museum free-admission days
• National Park fee-free days
• Discount movie programs for kids

Checkyour city's parks and recreation websiteor Facebook page, and see what you can add to your summer calendar without spending much money.

Pro tip: Create a "boredom jar." Fill a jar with free activity ideas like scavenger hunts, bike rides, water balloon games, and library trips so kids can choose their own adventure when boredom strikes.

Bring back the backyard classics

Not every summer activity needs a big ticket price.

Some of the most memorable summer activities are also some of the cheapest especially since you can repeat the ones your kids love every week or two:

• Sprinklers and water play
• Sidewalk chalk
• Scavenger hunts
• Homemade obstacle courses
• Bug hunts and nature walks
• Backyard camping

These activities cost little but can keep kids occupied for literally hours on end.

Turn the kitchen into an activity

Cooking can be both entertainment and educational for kids this summer.

Parents can encourage children to make their own lunches, help bake cookies or treats, create homemade popsicles, or even plan a family dinner.

The cost is quite minimal, but the life skills can last for years.

Take a simple day trip

A memorable family outing doesn't require expensive airfare or hotel reservations.

Many families can create a mini-adventure by packing sandwiches and visiting a nearby state park, hiking trail, small town they've never explored, or a local beach or river.

Oftentimes the biggest expense is simply a tank of gas, which while not cheap these days, sure beats airfare or a hotel.

Don't overlook free kids programs

Several national retailers and organizations offer free or low-cost activities throughout the summer.

Popular examples include:

• Home Depot Kids Workshops
• Lowe's Kids Workshops
• Michaels craft events
• Apple Camp programs
• YMCA financial assistance programs

Many families are surprised to discover how many community programs are available once they start looking.

It's OK for kids to be bored

Perhaps the most important lesson for parents is that every hour of summer doesn't need to be scheduled.

Child development experts have long noted that unstructured play encourages creativity, problem-solving, and independent play.

While it's tempting to fill every day with organized activities, some of the best childhood memories often come from the simplest experiences. A sprinkler, a bike ride, a library card, and a little imagination may go a lot further than many parents realize.

New study suggests urban fire smoke may contain more harmful chemicals than expected

• Researchers found that smoke from fires burning through neighborhoods contained elevated levels of toxic metals, chemical compounds, and other pollutants.

• Standard air-quality measurements suggested pollution levels were acceptable, but the composition of the particles told a different story.

• The findings highlight the importance of understanding what is burningnot just how much smoke is in the air.

When wildfires sweep through forests, the smoke they produce is largely made up of burned vegetation. But what happens when fires move through neighborhoods filled with homes, cars, electronics, and other manufactured materials?

A new study from researchers at Rutgers University examined air and ash samples collected during the 2025 Los Angeles fires and found that smoke from these so-called wildland-urban interface fires may contain a much more complex mix of pollutants than traditional wildfire smoke. The research suggests that commonly used air-quality measurements may not tell the whole story when communities burn

The findings come at a time when more people are living in areas where developed neighborhoods and wildfire-prone land meet, increasing the likelihood of these types of fires.

I do not want the message to be simply scary, lead study author Jos Guillermo Cedeo Laurent said in a news release The point is that if we want to understand the risks, we need to know the composition of the particles, not just the amount.

In a wildland-urban interface fire that burns both urban and wild areas, you are not only burning trees. You are burning cars, batteries, wiring, metals, plastics and building materials.

The study

The research team collected air and ash samples near the Eaton Fire in Pasadena, California, during January 2025.

They analyzed the material for a range of contaminants, including metals, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and PFAS, often called forever chemicals.

The findings

One of the most notable findings was that traditional air-quality readings appeared relatively normal. Average levels of fine particulate matter remained below the federal 24-hour standard. However, the particles themselves contained unusually high concentrations of potentially harmful substances.

Researchers found elevated levels of toxic metals in ultrafine particles tiny particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs. These metals were roughly 30 times higher than typical Los Angeles levels.

The study also detected PAHs at about 10 times normal concentrations and found benzene-related compounds at levels nearly five to 13 times higher than typical urban background measurements. Ash samples also contained metals, PAHs, and PFAS.

What this means for consumers

The study does not determine how these pollutants affect human health, and the researchers caution that their analysis was limited to one location over a short period. Still, the findings suggest that relying solely on standard air-quality measurements may underestimate the potential hazards associated with neighborhood fires.

For consumers, the key takeaway is that the source of smoke matters. Smoke produced by burning homes, vehicles, batteries, wiring, plastics, and building materials may carry a different mix of pollutants than smoke from vegetation alone.

These fires leave a chemical legacy, Cedeo Laurent said. To protect communities, we need monitoring and cleanup strategies that reflect what burned, not just how much smoke was measured."

Without action, average benefits will decline by $500 by 2032

By Mark Huffman of ConsumerAffairs

• A projected Social Security insolvency in 2032 would trigger an automatic 24% benefit cut under current law, reducing monthly retirement benefits by an average of about $500 nationwide.

• Every state would be affected, with estimated average monthly benefit reductions ranging from $459 to $556.

• Retirees in Connecticut, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Delaware, and Maryland would face the largest average monthly cuts.

No state would escape the effects of a looming Social Security funding crisis, according to a new report from the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (CRFB). The report warns that millions of retirees could face substantial benefit reductions if lawmakers fail to address the program's finances before its trust fund is exhausted.

The report, No State Spared: Mapping the Impact of Social Security's Insolvency, examines how a projected insolvency of the Social Security retirement trust fund in 2032 would affect beneficiaries across the country. Under current law, benefits would have to be reduced by an estimated 24% to align payments with incoming payroll tax revenue.

CRFB estimates that the average monthly benefit cut would total about $500 nationwide. The organization notes that amount exceeds what the average retired household spends on groceries in a month.

Why where you live matters

The projected reductions would vary by state, largely reflecting differences in benefit levels. According to the report, average monthly cuts would range from $459 to $556. Connecticut retirees would experience the largest average reduction at $556 per month, followed closely by New Jersey ($554), New Hampshire ($553), Delaware ($549), and Maryland ($541).

Other states facing some of the largest average cuts include Washington, Minnesota, Massachusetts, Michigan,and Utah, each with estimated reductions exceeding $520 per month.

Social Security currently provides retirement benefits to roughly 63 million Americans and serves as a primary source of income for many older households. The report argues that the program's financial challenges are no longer a distant concern, noting that less than seven years remain before projected insolvency.

Call to action

The CRFB, a nonpartisan fiscal policy organization, is urging Congress and the White House to act sooner rather than later. The group warns that delaying reforms could leave policymakers with fewer options and increase the likelihood of abrupt benefit reductions for current and future retirees.

The report includes state-by-state estimates and interactive maps designed to illustrate how insolvency could affect beneficiaries and local economies nationwide. Its central conclusion is that the consequences would not be limited to a handful of states or regions.

No state would be spared from the potentially devastating effects of insolvency, the report concludes, adding that policymakers should enact changes as quickly as possible to avoid across-the-board benefit cuts.