“To alcohol: the cause of, and solution to, all of life’s problems,” is a toast from the leading thinker of our age—Homer Simpson, of course. While many of us do enjoy alcoholic beverages responsibly, the consequences of overindulgence can indeed cause problems, not only for individual drinkers themselves, but for the rest of society as well.
When we suspect that alcohol has played a part in irresponsible, negligent, reckless, or dangerous situations, we have means of verifying its presence—methods that go beyond blowing into a gadget during a roadside sobriety test. Let’s explore the methods of detecting alcohol consumption and examine how effective they can be in identifying short-term or long-term abuse.
Breath Tests
The Breathalyzer, the most famous of the breath tests, is a fixture of late-night traffic stops, a mostly reliable detector for alcohol consumption. This and other breath analyzers feature an oxide detector that captures the presence of alcohol on one’s breath and reports the subject’s blood alcohol concentration—usually, anything over a .08 can get a driver in serious trouble. While this can prove useful, sugar alcohols in foods like breath mints or chewing gum can report a false positive, and breath analysis becomes unreliable after 12 hours.
Hair Tests
This may seem strange at first. What could a hair test tell anyone about your drinking habits other than that someone poured a beer on your head? In fact, a hair follicle test for alcohol doesn’t look for alcohol itself, but for metabolites of that alcohol—ethyl glucuronide, a byproduct of the processes that break down alcohol in the body. Hair absorbs EtG, where it stays for up to 90 days. This is a long-term test. You’re not likely to submit to a hair test after being pulled over for erratic driving, but courts may subject you to these tests if abstinence from alcohol is a condition of maintaining child custody, for instance.
Urinalysis
Urine testing is a less common method of detecting alcohol consumption, but one that courts may use if a hair test isn’t a viable option. With a lookback period of about three to five days, employers may subject employees to a urine test for alcohol in the wake of a workplace accident where they suspect the role of long-term alcohol abuse.
Nail Testing
Perhaps the most foolproof method at our disposal is that of testing the keratin in fingernails and toenails to detect the presence of EtG. Keratin, though a strong material, is porous, and will absorb the EtG we excrete through our sweat—even if we don’t think we’re exerting ourselves. Like a hair test, a nail test boasts a 90-day window for identifying alcohol consumption, but subjects have a much harder time trying to confound this test.
Older urban buildings carry a unique character, from ornate facades to intricate interior details. These qualities create both charm and responsibility for residents, property managers, and city planners.
As communities gather this Sunday, December 7th, to remember, we look back at a single morning that reshaped a nation, examine the causes and consequences of the attack, and reflect on how Hawai‘i and the world carried forward the work of healing and reconciliation.
A Morning That Changed the World
On a clear morning that remains etched into the pages of history, aircraft appeared over Pearl Harbor and the United States Pacific Fleet was struck in a surprise assault. In fewer than two hours, battleships burned, aircraft were destroyed on the ground, and more than 2,400 American service members and civilians lost their lives. The attack thrust the United States into the global conflict of World War II and set in motion a series of events that would transform both the Pacific and the world.
Hitting the open road brings a sense of freedom, but it also brings the challenge of packing. You likely want to bring everything you need without compromising safety or comfort inside the vehicle. However, improperly secured loads can lead to lost luggage and cause serious safety hazards for other drivers on the road.
You’ve just become a mom, and suddenly, everything feels different. Your body, your schedule, your entire identity—it’s all been turned upside down. One minute you’re a person with hobbies, friends, and a life outside of caregiving. The next, you’re knee-deep in diapers, sleep deprivation, and endless feeds. You look in the mirror and wonder: Who even am I anymore?
Trucks and SUVs aren’t designed just for driving on paved roads. With the surrounding natural beauty of the Carolinas, you want to explore more of what the states have to offer.
